Продължително действие преди друго в миналото
Минало перфектно продължително време (Past Perfect Continuous) в английския език се използва за изразяване на действия, започнали в миналото и продължили до друг момент в миналото. For five minutes и for two weeks са две продължителни действия, които може да бъдат използвани в Past Perfect Continuous.
Минало перфектно продължително време се отличава от сегашно перфектно продължително време в английския език по това, че действието, започнало в миналото не продължава до настоящ, а до минал момент.
Напр.:
They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.- She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.
- How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?
- Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.
- James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia.
- A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara?
B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.
Причина за нещо, случило се в миналото
Past Perfect Continuous може да бъде използвано в английския език за изразяване на причина и резултат, когато се описва действие в миналото, извършено преди друго, също в миналото.
Напр.:
- Jason was tired because he had been jogging.
- Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.
- Betty failed the final test because she had not been attending class.
Разлика между Past Perfect Continuous и Past Continuous
Past Continuous акцентира върху прекъснати действия, докато Past Perfect Continuous акцентира върху времетраенето на дадено действие, извършено преди друго в миналото.
Напр.:
- He was tired because he was exercising so hard.
This sentence emphasizes that he was tired because he was exercising at that exact moment. - He was tired because he had been exercising so hard.
This sentence emphasizes that he was tired because he had been exercising over a period of time. It is possible that he was still exercising at that moment OR that he had just finished.
Не е възможно Non-Continuous Verbs да бъдат използвани в продължителни глаголни времена. Също така определени непродължителни значения на Mixed Verbs не е възможно да бъдат използвани в продължителни времена. В тези случаи се използва Past Perfect вместо Past Perfect Continuous.
Напр.:
- The motorcycle had been belonging to George for years before Tina bought it. Not Correct
- The motorcycle had belonged to George for years before Tina bought it. Correct
Поставяне на наречия
- You had only been waiting there for a few minutes when she arrived.
- Had you only been waiting there for a few minutes when she arrived?
Деятелен и страдателен залог
- Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant’s fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris. Active
- The restaurant’s fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris. Passive
Страдателните форми на Past Perfect Continuous са рязко използвани.
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